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Testing Muscle Fatigue
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a form of energy obtained through cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen. During intense activity, such as exercise, oxygen decreases and the muscles perform anaerobic respiration through fermentation of lactic acid. This process leads to muscle fatigue. In this activity, you’ll measure the rate at which muscle fatigue sets into your hand muscles due to repeated activity.

Estimated time to complete: 15 minutes

You’ll need these materials:

stopwatch or stopwatch application/function on a smartphone, computer, or tablet
firm stress ball or tennis ball (optional)
paper
pen or pencil
Stay safe! If you have a health condition that you know this activity would aggravate or worsen, you can modify the activity according to your doctor’s instructions. Alternatively, you can ask a friend or family member to perform the activity and record the data for that person’s results. During this activity, you should feel your muscles get tired, but you should never feel pain. As with all physical activity, if you feel any pain, stop the activity immediately.

Part A: Hypothesis and Data Collection
Question 1
In this activity, you’ll open your non-dominant hand (the hand that you don’t use for writing) and then squeeze it into a tight fist as quickly as you can for 100 seconds and write down the number of squeezes every 10 seconds. If you have access to a ball, you can squeeze the ball with your non-dominant hand instead. How do you think the number of squeezes you can perform will change over the course of the experiment? How many squeezes do you think you can perform during the last 10 seconds of the experiment?

Question 2
Set the stopwatch for 100 seconds, and then start squeezing your non-dominant hand (the hand that you don’t use for writing) open and closed as quickly as possible. If you have access to a ball, you can squeeze the ball with your non-dominant hand instead. During the activity, write down the number of squeezes you did at intervals of 10 seconds. You can ask a friend or family member to record the number of squeezes if that is easier. Keep a mental note of when your hand begins to feel tired. If you feel you can no longer continue to perform squeezes, stop the activity and write 0 next to the remaining readings. Fill in the table with your results.

PART B

Question 1
Now draw a line graph that shows how the number of squeezes per 10 seconds changed during the course of the experiment.

Question 2
Based on the graph, how did your predictions match your results?

Question 3
When did your muscles start using lactic acid fermentation? How did you know?

Question 4
What do you think would have happened if you continued performing the experiment for a much longer period of time?

Question 5
Do you think experiencing muscle fatigue is a way for the body to maintain homeostasis? Explain your reasoning.

Question 6
Do you think the results of this experiment would differ if a different person did it? What individual factors would affect the person’s results?