Asky wave is incident on the ionosphere at an angle of 60°. The electron density of this ionosphere layer is N = 24.536 × 10¹¹ electrons/m³
a. For the point of reflection, determine the refractive index of the ionospheric layer. (3 Marks)
b. Identify the critical frequency for the communication link. (2 Marks)
c. Determine the maximum usable frequency (2 Marks)
d. Give reasons why the transmissions would fail the following frequencies if the frequencies were 10 MHz and 30 MHz respectively. (4 Marks)
e. The lonosphere bends high frequency radio waves towards Earth. Discuss this bending phenomenon.