Elise owns and operates a convenience store. Because that store is located near a high school, it loses a great deal of profit to shoplifting. Last week, Elise caught Hakan in the act of stealing a magazine. She physically detained him and called the police. The police arrived and placed Hakan in handcuffs. At that point, Elise calmly and intentionally punched Hakan in the face and said, I've been waiting a long time for the chance to do that. Elise has a liability insurance policy that she purchased from the Pacific All Risk Insurance Co. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Elise almost certainly committed the tort of false imprisonment.
b. PARI will probably be required to pay damages on Elise's behalf with respect to Hakan's claim for false imprisonment.
c. If Elise is found liable for the tort of battery, she will probably have to pay the damages herself.
d. If Elise is found liable for the tort of battery, the police department will also be held vicariously liable for the same tort.