Which of the following is NOT an argument used to show that the positive reinforcement theory of addiction is not the best theory?

a. Some highly addictive drugs, like nicotine, do not produce a strong sense of euphoria or pleasure.
b. Some highly addictive drugs like heroin can make people feel sick or nauseous.
c. People can rationally state that the pleasure from taking a drug is far outweighed by the devastation it causes to themselves and their family members.
d. Often people relapse from sobriety at a time when they are not going through withdrawal from a drug.

After habitual use, many drugs lose their ability to produce feelings of pleasure.