Marcy is given her choice of two identical chocolate bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces. Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. From the perspective of Piaget's theory, Marcy is showing a lack of __________, indicating that she has not yet completed the transition to the __________ stage of development.
1) proportional reasoning; concrete operations
2) proportional reasoning; formal operations
3) conservation; concrete operations
4) conservation; formal operations