1. Examine types, roles and distribution of transportation infrastructure and services in Ethiopia. 2. Why Ethiopia still remains to be the least urbanized country in the world and w are the major problems of urban centers of Ethiopia. 3. Explain the roles of mining sector in the Ethiopian economy and the major constraints of the sector. 4. Describe the contribution of mining industry to the economy of Ethiopia. 5. What are the consequences of illegal cross-border migration on the migrants, migrant families, and the country at large. ​