Respuesta :
Vapour pressure of system depends upon intermolecular forces of interaction. Greater the interaction, larger will the vapour pressure, more will be the boiling point.
Answer 1:Â
CH4 stands for methane and CH3Cl named as chloromethane. In methane, all the valances of C atom is satisfied by hydrogen. Due to this, it has zero dipole moment. While, in case of CH3Cl, one of the valance is satisfied by an electronegative element i.e. Cl. Due to this, it acquires a polar character. Also, it has a net dipole moment. Due to this, CH3Cl exhibits dipole-dipole intermolecular force of attraction, which is absent in CH4. Hence, CH3Cl has lower vapor pressure as compared to CH4.Â
Answer 2:Â
H2CO is named as formaldehyde, while CH3OH is named as methyl alcohol. In case of methyl alcohol, hydrogen atom (an electropositive atom) is bonded to oxygen (a highly electronegative element). This is absent in case of formaldehyde. Due the this, methyl alcohol as greater polarity as compared to formaldehyde. Due the greater polarity, vapour pressure of CH3OH is less as compared to H2CO.Â
Answer 3:
CH3CH2CH2OH is named as propanol or propyl alcohol. Propyl alcohol, has longer chain length as compared to methyl alcohol (CH3OH). Both of this compounds has a polar character due to presence of -OH functional group. However, due to long chain of propyl alcohol, polar character increases. This can be attributed the +I effect of CH3 group. Due to this, intermolecular forces of interaction are higher in propanol, thereby decreasing its vapor pressure as compared to methanol.Â
Answer 1:Â
CH4 stands for methane and CH3Cl named as chloromethane. In methane, all the valances of C atom is satisfied by hydrogen. Due to this, it has zero dipole moment. While, in case of CH3Cl, one of the valance is satisfied by an electronegative element i.e. Cl. Due to this, it acquires a polar character. Also, it has a net dipole moment. Due to this, CH3Cl exhibits dipole-dipole intermolecular force of attraction, which is absent in CH4. Hence, CH3Cl has lower vapor pressure as compared to CH4.Â
Answer 2:Â
H2CO is named as formaldehyde, while CH3OH is named as methyl alcohol. In case of methyl alcohol, hydrogen atom (an electropositive atom) is bonded to oxygen (a highly electronegative element). This is absent in case of formaldehyde. Due the this, methyl alcohol as greater polarity as compared to formaldehyde. Due the greater polarity, vapour pressure of CH3OH is less as compared to H2CO.Â
Answer 3:
CH3CH2CH2OH is named as propanol or propyl alcohol. Propyl alcohol, has longer chain length as compared to methyl alcohol (CH3OH). Both of this compounds has a polar character due to presence of -OH functional group. However, due to long chain of propyl alcohol, polar character increases. This can be attributed the +I effect of CH3 group. Due to this, intermolecular forces of interaction are higher in propanol, thereby decreasing its vapor pressure as compared to methanol.Â
Vapor pressure is defined as the force exerted by the vapors on the walls of the container. The vapour pressure is dependent on the intermolecular forces of attraction, such that, higher the vapor pressure, higher will be the force of attraction.
1. Methane and chloromethane are the organic molecules. The chloromethane has lower vapor pressure because of the presence of halogen. It gives the compound partial negative charge and acquires polar character. The molecule exhibit dipole-dipole interaction, therefore it has lower vapor pressure than methane. Methane has net diploe moment as zero and do not have any polarity.
2. Formaldehyde has high vapor pressure than methyl alcohol because the methyl alcohol exhibit polar character. The polarity is present due to bond with electropositive hydrogen and electronegative oxygen. The polarity is absent in the formaldehyde, therefore, it has high vapor pressure and low polarity than methyl alcohol.
3. Propanol is a long-chain of three carbon molecule as compared to methyl alcohol, which has only one carbon atom. The presence of hydroxyl group provides polarity to the compounds. The polarity of the compound decreases with long chains of molecule, such that propanol will have low polarity than methyl alcohol. The intermolecular forces of interaction will be higher in the propanol, and therefore high vapor pressure.
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