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The elements within a group in the table have similar properties. ... In general, how can the periodic trends displayed by elements be explained? What is the underlying cause of periodic trends? Trends in atomic size, ionization energy, ionic size, and electronegativity can be explained by variations in atomic structure.

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In general, the periodic trends displayed by elements can be explained as a result of the similarities some of which lie in the presence of the same number of Valence electrons in Elements in the same group or the 1 atomic number increase in successive elements of the same period.

  • Periodic trends may be evident in properties including atomic radii, electronegative values, electropositivity values, electron affinity and a host of other properties of elements.

  • Elements in the same group have the same number of Valence electrons except that a shell is added to the next elements in the same group.

  • An example is in the case of atomic radius which increases down a group.

  • Elements in the same period have the same number of shells, although they differ in the number of Valence electrons, consequently slight changes occur in periodic properties as we move across a period.

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