John eats an unhealthy amount of cereal, but we'll ignore that for now.
John eats cereal three times a day, so in eight days he will have used his milk 24 times. (3×8=24)
These 24 uses finish 2 gallons of milk. So 1 gallon of milk should be finished in half of those uses.
24 ÷ 2 = 12 uses per gallon of milk
He uses 1/12 a gallon of milk per bowl of cereal.
Hope this helps!