Respuesta :
A) Into a region of higher potential
Explanation:
Let's remind that:
- Like charges repel each other
- Unlike charges attract each other
Here we have a proton, which is a positive charge, which is brought to rest by an electric field. This means that the electric field has slowed down the proton: so, the force exerted by the electric field on the proton was opposite to the direction of motion of the proton. But the lines of an electric field go from points at higher potential to points at lower potential - this means that the proton was actually moving towards a point at higher potential. (for example, it was moving towards another positive charge source of the field, so the potential increases as the proton approaches the source charge).
B) 3,338 V
The initial kinetic energy of the proton is given by:
[tex]K_i = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
where
[tex]m=1.67\cdot 10^{-27} kg[/tex] is the proton mass
[tex]v=800,000 m/s=8\cdot 10^5 m/s[/tex] is the initial speed
Substituting,
[tex]K_i = \frac{1}{2}(1.67\cdot 10^{-27}kg)(8\cdot 10^5 m/s)^2=5.34\cdot 10^{-16}J[/tex]
When the proton is brought to rest, all this energy is converted into electric potential energy, given by
[tex]\Delta U = q \Delta V[/tex]
where
[tex]q=1.6\cdot 10^{-19} C[/tex] is the proton charge
[tex]\Delta V[/tex] is the potential difference
Since [tex]\Delta U = K_i[/tex], we can solve to find the potential difference:
[tex]\Delta V=\frac{K_i}{q}=\frac{5.34\cdot 10^{-16} J}{1.6\cdot 10^{-19} C}=3,338 V[/tex]
C) 3,338 eV
We already found the initial kinetic energy of the proton in part B), and it is given by
[tex]K_i =5.34\cdot 10^{-16}J[/tex]
Now we want to convert it into electron volts; keeping in mind the conversion factor between eV and Joules,
[tex]1 eV = 1.6\cdot 10^{-19}J[/tex]
we find:
[tex]K_i = \frac{5.34 \cdot 10^{-16} J}{1.6\cdot 10^{-19} J}=3,338 eV[/tex]
The proton which is moving at the initial speed and brought to rest by an electric field is,
- Part A- The proton move into a region of higher potential.
- Part B - The potential difference that stopped the proton is 3339 V.
- Part C - The initial kinetic energy of the proton, in electron volts is 3339 eV.
What is proton?
Proton is the elementary part of the atom, having the positive charge of [tex]1.6\times10^{-19}[/tex] C. Proton is found in the nucleus of the atom.
The initial speed of the proton is 800000 m/s and the mass of the proton is [tex]1.67\times 10^{-27}\rm kg[/tex]. The proton is brought to rest by an electric field.
- Part A- The proton move into a region of higher potential or lower potential- The proton is elementary part of the atom, having the positive charge. Now the force required to brought this proton to rest by electric field must be opposite of it. If the proton is moving towards highers, then it can be bought at rest by the electric field which always go from higher to lower potential. Thus, the proton move into a region of higher potential.
- Part B - The potential difference that stopped the proton-
The initial speed of the proton is 800000 m/s and the mass of the proton is [tex]1.67\times 10^{-27}\rm kg[/tex].
As, the potential difference that stopped the proton is equal to the kinetic energy of the proton per unit charge of one proton. Thus potential difference is,
[tex]\Delta V=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\times1.6\times10^{-27}\times800000}{1.6\times10^{-19}}\\\Delta V\cong3339\rm V[/tex]
Thus, the potential difference that stopped the proton is 3339 V.
- Part C - The initial kinetic energy of the proton, in electron volts-
By the conservation of energy, the kinetic energy of the element is equal to the potential difference. Thus, the initial kinetic energy of the proton, in electron volts is 3339 eV.
Thus, the proton which is moving at the initial speed and brought to rest by an electric field is,
- Part A- The proton move into a region of higher potential.
- Part B - The potential difference that stopped the proton is 3339 V.
- Part C - The initial kinetic energy of the proton, in electron volts is 3339 eV.
Learn more about the proton here;
https://brainly.com/question/1805828
