Answer:
d. Variable costs of $72,000 and $23,000 fixed costs
Explanation:
No matter whatever the budget is fixed cost remains constant as that is not  proportionate to change in value of output, therefore in any case it will remain constant to $23,000
Whereas variable cost changes with change in level of output.
Here, level of output = 8,000
Variable cost will be [tex]\frac{40,000}{5,000} X 8,000 = 64,000[/tex]
Variable cost of electricity = [tex]\frac{5,000}{5,000} \times 8,000[/tex] = 8,000
Total variable = $64,000 + $8,000
= $72,000
Therefore total variable = $72,000
Fixed = $23,000