Crusades were a sequence of spiritual wars during the medieval period in order to free the holy land, which are Israel and a part of Palestine from the Muslim Rule.
Black deaths happened in 13th century due to the outbreak of a dangerous epidemic disease that spread contagiously killing 30% of the European population.
Reformation began in the 15th century it’s a Christianity movement which wanted the people to concentrate and follow more on the Gospel than following traditions. Renaissance marks the end of medieval period popularly known as Dark Age. It was the time when major spheres like education, literature, Science took a new shape and was scaling new heights.