Answer:
A. Galileo's claim that the Earth orbits the sun got him in a lot of trouble.
Explanation:
The word “claim” can act as a noun, when it names a thing, person, animal, or others, or as a verb, when it indicates an action or a state. From this definition, we can discard options B and C because in these two sentences “claim” is acting as a verb meaning to state and to assert.
In sentence D, the word is acting as a noun, but with the meaning of “demand of ownership” for a land. Sentence A, on the other hand, uses the word “claim” as a noun meaning “a statement of truth,” because it refers to the statement of truth made by Galileo about how the Earth orbits.
