The bacterium E. coli is capable of performing aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. When would it perform each process and why? How is ATP made in each case?

3. Fermentation: this is the last resort or least preferred process after aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respectively. This is achieved in conditions of oxygen absence (anaerobic conditions) and when energy (ATP) is not required in high levels.

ATP is made by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Explanation:

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative species of versatile bacterium that is not only able to grow when oxygen is present (aerobic conditions), but it can also adapt to different conditions and grow in the absence of oxygen using either anaerobic respiration or fermentation. This is a great adaptation because it allows it to grow in a wide variety of environments.

1. Aerobic respiration: when oxygen is present. It is the most preferred mechanism to produce ATP as conditions are optimal.

ATP is made by respiratory linked phosphorylation.

*Metabolism releases energy and is captured by the phosphate bonds of ATP.

2. Anaerobic respiration: when oxygen is absent. For example, in the gut of mammals. The second preferred mechanism to produce energy because it does not produce as much energy as aerobic respiration does.

ATP is generated by substrate phosphorylation.

*Phosphate groups are directly transferred during the conversion of ADP into ATP.

3. Fermentation: this is the last resort or least preferred process after aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respectively, because it produces even less ATP. This is achieved in conditions of oxygen absence (anaerobic conditions) and when energy (ATP) is not required in high levels.

ATP is made by substrate-level phosphorylation.

*Phosphate groups are directly transferred during the conversion of ADP into ATP.

Histrionicus Histrionicus · Answer 2 · 2022-02-17T16:31:41+01:00

The bacterium E. coli is capable of performing:

aerobic respiration - in presence of oxygen
anaerobic respiration - in absence of oxygen
fermentation - In absence of oxygen and no electron acceptor

E. coli

E. coli is a bacterium that is capable of performing the following respiration processes:

1. Aerobic respiration:

It is performed when oxygen is present in the medium and [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is the final electron except for/ glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport, and chemiosmosis

The electron transport chain generates a proton motive force which used to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase

2. Anaerobic respiration:

In absence of oxygen, this takes place and inorganic molecules are the final electron acceptor /glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport, and chemiosmosis
proton motive force used to make ATP via ATP synthase.

3. Fermentation:

In anaerobic conditions and no electron acceptors are present to carry out cellular respiration. Pyruvate is the final electron acceptor/ glycolysis, fermentation

suitable substrates are metabolized to make ATP.

Learn more about cellular respiration:

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