Answer:
The correct answer is option A.
Explanation:
Public goods are the goods whose availability is not reduced if it consumed by a person, unlike a private good. This characteristic is called nonrival consumption.
Because of the nonrival nature of public goods, it is very difficult to exclude people who are not paying from consuming the goods.
This creates a free-rider problem. The market in this situation fails to efficiently allocate the goods. The government thus intervenes and provides such goods.
Public goods are not paid for by private philanthropy.
