Respuesta :

S and S²⁻ do not have the outer subshell fully filled with electrons.

Explanation:

We look at electronic configurations:

Ca   1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² - the outer subshell 4s² is fully-filled with electrons

S      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ - the outer subshell 3p⁴ is not fully-filled with electrons

Zn²⁺  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s⁰ - here the 4s subshell is higher in energy than 3d subshell so will consider 3d¹⁰ the out subshell which is fully-filled with electrons

S²⁻  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² - the outer subshell 3p² is not fully-filled with electrons

Ca²⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ - the outer subshell 3p⁶ is fully-filled with electrons

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The atoms or ions which does not have a filled outer subshell are: S (sulphur)

To determine which atoms or ions does not have a filled outer sub-shells, we must identify the electron configuration of each atom or ion as follows;

  • For Calcium, Ca: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²

  • For Sulphur, S: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

  • For Zinc ion, Zn²+: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ 3d¹⁰ 4s²

  • For Sulphur ion, S²-: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶

  • For Calcium ion, Ca²+: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶

Evidently, the only atom which does not have a filled outer sub-shell is Sulphur, S atom.

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