Answer:
Microbiologists use the gram stain technique to identify the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria on the basis of the composition of their cell wall.
The major difference between the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is that in gram-positive bacteria peptidoglycan is the major component which makes gram-positive cell wall whereas in gram-negative bacteria their cell wall has a thick outer layer of Lippo polysaccharide and a thin inner layer of peptidoglycan.
So in gram stain gram-positive cell wall retains the crystal violet because of the thick peptidoglycan layer and appears violet and gram-negative appears pink as it lacks the outer thick peptidoglycan layer.
The major difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of an OUTER PLASMA MEMBRANE.
Gram-positive bacteria do not contain an outer plasma membrane, whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a lipid-rich outer plasma membrane.
This outer plasma membrane contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in addition to phospholipids and proteins.
Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria are also surrounded by thick layers of peptidoglycan.
In conclusion, the major difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of an OUTER PLASMA MEMBRANE.
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