Explanation:
In the equatorial region, the oceans are heated more than in the polar regions. This is due to the way the sun rays ‘hit’ the different latitudes of earth due to its spherical nature. Due to their higher temperatures, they are less dense. In addition due to the fact that water at higher temperatures can dissolve more salts, the oceans at the equator are less concentrated with salts per volume compared to ocean water in the polar region.
In the poles, water is cooler and hence denser. Due to the low temperatures, the water can accommodate fewer salts hence the ocean waters have a higher salt concentration per volume.
The ocean currents from the equatorial region flow towards the poles on the surface of the oceans while the ocean's currents from the poles towards the equator flow on the bottom of the oceans because they are denser from the higher salinity concentrations and low temperatures.
When the polar current reaches the equatorial region, they upwell to replace the warmer currents moving towards the poles. The currents warm-up, become less dense and less concentrated with salts. The warm currents moving towards the polar region get cooler and denser. They also become more concentrated with salts and some of it precipitates to the bottom of the oceans when saturation point is reached.
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