1. Explain the distinction between interpretation and compilation. What are the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches?

12. Is Java compiled or interpreted (or both)? How do you know?
13. What is the difference between a compiler and a preprocessor?
14. What was the intermediate form employed by the original AT&T C++ compiler?
15. What is P-code? 16. What is bootstrapping? 17. What is a just-in-time compiler?
18. Name two languages in which a program can write new pieces of itself "on the fly."
19. Briefly describe three "unconventional" compilers—compilers whose purpose is not to prepare a high-level program for execution on a microprocessor.
20. List six kinds of tools that commonly support the work of a compiler within a larger programming environment.
21. Explain how an IDE differs from a collection of command-line tools.

An interpreter implements a virtual machine, the high-level programming language of which is the "machine language." The interpreter reads statements more or less one at a time in that language, and executes them as they go along.

12: One could also consider Java either. A compiler (complicated translator) can create code, which is then executed by a complicated virtual machine (interpreter)

13: A preprocessor is an initial translator which removes comments and white space, and group characters together into tokens such as keywords, identifiers, numbers, and symbols, as well as simple syntactic structure analyses. A compiler uses in-depth analysis and nontrivial transformation.

14: C++ implementations based on the early AT&T compiler created an intermediate program in C rather than assembly language

15: Stack-based language, similar to modern Java compiler byte code

16: A method in which a simple interpreter implementation evolves into building more complex versions until the compiler is built.

17: A compiler which translates byte code into machine language immediately prior to each program execution.

18: Lisp and Prolog

19: TEX and TROFF are one of such compilers that translate high-level document descriptions into laser printer or phototypesetter commands. Query language processors for database systems are also compilers that translate languages such as SQL into primitive file operations.

21: without havin to call multiple tools with command-line tools, You can write an entire program in an IDE.