Answer:
The intellectual and ideological context was fundamentally liberal. Inspired by the ideas of philosophers such as John Locke, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rosseau, among others, revolutionaries sought to topple the monarchic regimes, and replace them with democratic institutions.
In Europe, the French Revolution abolished the monarchy, and established a brief period of democracy that ended in the dictatorship of Napoleon.
In the Americas, the English Colonies formed a federal country: the United States, and in the Spanish Americas, several countries were carved out of the former colonial empire, and all of the new countries became liberal democracies.
