The correct answer is C) blocking its primary trade routes.
The spread of Islam across Africa and the Middle East affected the future of the Axum civilization by blocking its primary trade routes.
The Muslim expansion in those regions affected the Axum civilization because it led to less trade that derived in the dissolution of the kingdom. A civil war started, there was less trade and the empire started to lose its power and influence in the region. The Axum Empire was an ancient kingdom located in Northern Ethiopia, Africa. The Islamic Empire and its influence on Egypt and the Red Sea controlled the area and isolated the Axum kingdom. Yes, it is true that the spread of Islam across Africa and the Middle East affected the future of the Axum civilization by blocking its primary trade routes.
