nvestigator A conducts research on emphysema using biospecimens from human subjects. The consent form indicates that the research will focus exclusively on emphysema. Investigator B wishes to use the biospecimens for research on lung cancer. Can Investigator B use the specimens for cancer research without re-consent if the specimens are de-identified?

Conducting research on human subjects and specimens require the research organisation to obtain prior permission or consent from the person on whose specimen the research is being conducted.
These ethical guidelines provided by the ethical committee need to be followed by all the research organisations and scientists.
De-identification of biological specimen refers to the non-revelation of identity and preservation of the confidentiality of the person from whom the biological specimen is derived. The person from whom the biological specimen is obtained is made anonymous.
According to the question, Investigator A obtained the biological specimen from human subjects for conducting research on emphysema.
Under conditions of de-identification of the specimen, the specimen can be used by the Investigator B for performing research on lung cancer without the necessity for a re-consent.