A study is conducted to determine whether sunshine affects depression. Eight individuals are given a questionnaire measuring depression immediately following a run of 10 consecutive days when the sun shone for over 80% of the daylight hours. The same individuals have their depression measured immediately following 10 consecutive days without any sunshine. The following data are collected. The higher the score the greater the depression.

Individuals 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Sunshine 10 12 14 11 12 10 14 15
No Sunshine 20 21 17 14 18 8 18 14

Using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test to evaluate the data, with a = 0.052 tail, Tcrit =
a.- 3
c.33
b.3
d.4

Based on the information given, it should be noted that the Wilcoxon signed rank test will be 3.

From the table, it can be seen that the first tank is assigned to the first absolute value. The second rank is assigned to the second absolute value while the average of the third and the fourth value are given the value of 3.

The sum of the positive ranks will be:
= 1 + 2 = 3

The sum of the negative ranks will be:
= 8 + 7 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 6 + 5 = 33.

Therefore, the Wilcoxon signed-rank will be the minimum of 33 and 3 which is 3.

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