In Q1 2018, CNA Companies reports the following transactions:

Capital expenditures of $15 million
Loss on sale of equipment of $6 million
Debt principal repayment of $8 million
Preferred dividend of $2 million
Common dividend of $3 million
Share buyback of $4 million
Ignoring the effect of taxes, what is the impact of these transactions on retained earnings?

A. ($9 million)
B. ($11 million)
C. ($16 million)
D. ($38 million)