Any change in the normal nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid is called a - mutation.
Amino acids are composed of two functional groups the amnio group, and the carboxyl group. They join together to make a polypeptide chain resulting in the formation of a protein.
- In a living cell, DNA is composed of four bases adenine (A), thymine(T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C), while in RNA, the T is replaced by uracil (U).
- DNA is transcribed to mRNA, and three bases in mRNA together form a codon.
- One amino acid is formed from one codon - for instance bases A, U, G form a codon AUG and encode methionine (amino acid).
- Therefore, if any change occurs in the normal base sequence of the DNA is considered as mutation (Point mutation)
- The mutation will be carried to its mRNA, leading to defective amnio acids.
- Sickle cell hemoglobin is one such example
Thus, any change in the normal nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid is called a - mutation.
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