Except catalyst because catalyst typically speed up a reaction by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism.
Lowering the temperature of a chemical reaction will not increase the rate of the reaction. The correct option is third option - lowering the temperature
The factors that affect the rate of chemical reaction are
1. Reactant concentration: Increasing the concentration of one or more reactants increases the rate of reaction.
2. Surface area: Increasing the surface area by pounding or any other means increases the rate of reaction
3. Temperature: Increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction
4. Presence of a catalyst: The presence of a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
Hence, lowering the temperature of a chemical reaction will not increase the rate of the reaction. The correct option is third option - lowering the temperature
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