Respuesta :
Answer :
(a) The oxidation number of Cu, C and O is, (+2), (+4) and (-2)
(b) The oxidation number of C and H is, (-4) and (+1)
(c) The oxidation number of I and F is, (+1) and (-1)
(d) The oxidation number of C, H and Cl is, (0), (+1) and (-1)
Explanation :
Oxidation number : It is also called oxidation state. It is a number assigned to an element in a chemical compound that represent the number of electrons gained or lost by an element in a compound.
Rules for Oxidation Numbers :
The oxidation number of a free element is always zero.
The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion.
The oxidation number of Hydrogen (H) is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements.
The oxidation number of oxygen (O) in compounds is usually -2, but it is -1 in peroxides.
The oxidation number of a Group 1 element in a compound is +1.
The oxidation number of a Group 2 element in a compound is +2.
The oxidation number of a Group 17 element in a binary compound is -1.
The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a neutral compound is zero.
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
(a) The given compound is, [tex]CuCO_3[/tex]
Let the oxidation state of Cu be, 'x'
As, the oxidation number of carbon is (+4) and oxidation number of oxygen is (-2).
[tex]x+4+3(-2)=0\\\\x=+2[/tex]
The oxidation state of Cu is, (+2)
(b) The given compound is, [tex]CH_4[/tex]
Let the oxidation state of C be, 'x'
As, the oxidation number of hydrogen is (+1).
[tex]x+4(+1)=0\\\\x=-4[/tex]
The oxidation state of C is, (-4)
(c) The given compound is, [tex]IF[/tex]
Let the oxidation state of I be, 'x'
As, the oxidation number of a Group 17 element in a binary compound is -1. And iodine and fluorine belongs to 17 group.
[tex]x+(-1)=0\\\\x=+1[/tex]
The oxidation state of I is, (+1)
(d) The given compound is, [tex]CH_2Cl_2[/tex]
Let the oxidation state of C be, 'x'
As, the oxidation number of hydrogen is (+1) and oxidation number of a Group 17 element (Cl) in a binary compound is -1.
[tex]x+2(+1)+2(-1)=0\\\\x=0[/tex]
The oxidation state of C is, (0)
Different elements has different types of oxidation state or number.
Oxidation number of each element
The oxidation number of Copper is +2, Carbon is +4 and Oxygen is -2. The oxidation number of Carbon is -4 and Hydrogen is +1. The oxidation number of I is +1 and iron is -1. The oxidation number of Carbon is 0, Hydrogen is +1 and Chlorine is -1.
The oxidation state or oxidation number refers to the hypothetical charge occur on an atom if all of its bonds were fully ionic means complete transfer of electron. The oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero so different atoms formed different oxidation state.
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