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1. At 1 atm and 298 k, pentane is a liquid whereas propane is a gas. Explain.
2. At 1 atm and 298 k, methanol is a liquid whereas propane is a gas. Explain.
3. Indicate the hybridization of the carbon atom in each of the following:
i) Methanol
ii) Methanoic (formic) acid
4. Draw the complete lewis electron-dot diagram for a molecule of propanoic acid, HC3H5O2.
5. Explain the following observations about the two carbon-oxygen bonds in the methanoate (formate) anion, HCO2-.
i) The two carbon-oxygen bonds in the methanoate (formate) anion, HCO2-, have the same length.
ii)The length of the carbon-oxygen bonds in the methanoate (formate) anion, HCO2-, is the intermediate between the length of the carbon-oxygen bond in methanol and the length of the carbon-oxygen bond in methanal.

Respuesta :

hihirasohail

Answer:

1. There are stronger inter-molecular forces at play when a certain substance is a liquid as compared to a gas. Pentane is liquid due to the hydrogen bonding present between its molecules.

2. Inter-molecular forces between propane molecules are weaker as compared to methanol. There are no hydrogen bonds present between the propane molecules.

3. Methanol: [tex]sp^{3}[/tex]

Methanoic (formic) acid: [tex]sp^{3}[/tex]

4. attached

5. i) Since there are two resonance structures possible in this case, the bond length is given as an average value of the carbon-oxygen bond, one where it is a single bond and the other where its a double bond.

ii) Continuing from the explanation above, the value of bond length in the case of methanoate anion would be in between the bond length of a single carbon-oxygen bond and a double carbon-oxygen bond in methanol.

Hope that answers the questions, have a great day!

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pstnonsonjoku

The degree of intermolecular interaction increases with increasing molar mass.

  • As molecular mass increases, the intermolecular interaction between molecules increases and molecules tend to aggregate more closely together. As such, pentane is liquid due to greater intermolecular interaction and propane is a gas.

  • Methanol is a liquid at room temperature because the polar O-H group makes hydrogen bonding in the molecule possible leading to greater molecular association via intermolecular interaction. There is only dispersion forces in propane, hence it is a gas at room temperature.

  • The carbon atom in methanol are sp3 hybridized. The carbon atom in formic acid is sp2 hybridized. The C-O bonds in formate ion are of the same length due to resonance that occurs in the ion. Due to resonance also, each C -O bond length is intermediate between the normal bond length of a single and a double bond. These bonds are neither pure single nor pure double bonds.

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