Answer:
The preganglionic neurons are those that contain their soma or body in the central nervous system and are part of the autonomic nervous system together with the postganglionic ones, these neurons are of short length, since their axons extend towards the nearest ganglion, instead the Postganglionic neurons are what have to be called long or long, since their somas or bodies are in the ganglia and their axons have to extend to the organ they innervate.
Explanation:
The lengths vary according to the function, and their location in the remification of the nervous system, the preganglionic neurons are so named because they are prior to the ganglion connection, whereas the postganglionic neurons are those that extend the signals emitted by the preganglionic from the CNS to the organ they innervate.
It is important to clarify that these neurons make up the autonomic nervous system, NOT SOMATIC. Therefore, they regulate all involuntary contractions that we do not consciously modulate, such as visceral movements and other autonomous movements not induced by our will.
So in simple words the preganglionic are called as short or short neurons, for their short axons, and the postganglionic are the opposite, they are long for their extensive axons that seek the innervation of organs more or less distant from the lymph node to be able to transmit the CNS signals.
CNS = central nervous system.
