The historical reality that led to the development of Modernist poetry is the  atrocities committed during World War II.
What is Modernist poetry?
Modernist poetry is referred to the poetry which was written in Europe and North America during the time period between 1890 and 1950. These were written in the tradition of modernist literature.
The modernist poetry emerged out of the philosophical, ideological, scientific, political shifts that followed the Industrial Revolution. This was the time of  World War I and its aftermath. For writers, poets and artists,  the Modernist project was a re-evaluation of the aesthetic values of their predecessors.
Therefore, the historical reality that led to the development of Modernist poetry was (A) The atrocities committed during World War II.
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