The equation for true stress is expressed as ________ while the equation for true strain is expressed as _________. After necking begins, the equation ___________ must be used to determine true strain.

Respuesta :

Answer:

stress = σ = F / A

strain = ε = ΔL / L

After necking the equation σt = F / Aneck

                                             εt = ln( A / Aneck)

Explanation: