Bacteria are called prokaryotes; they lack a nucleus and do not present organelles in the cytoplasm, their observable characteristics are:
- The nuclear region of bacteria is not surrounded by a membrane, and consists simply of a single circular double-stranded DNA molecule, which constitutes the bacterium's chromosome (genome).
- The bacterial cell wall is composed of a macromolecular network called peptidoglycan or murein.
The cell wall that gives them their shape and provides mechanical protection, since bacteria are found in environments that can have different concentrations of solute.
- Glycocalyx is the polysaccharide-containing structure located on the outer side of the bacterial cell wall.
- Some bacteria produce flagella, these are long, thin appendages that serve as locomotion organelles.
- Axial filament a series of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell below the outer sheath and follow a helical path around the cell.
- The fibria are structures that enable bacteria to adhere to inert surfaces or to form films on the surface of liquids.
Therefore, we can conclude that bacteria are microorganisms that contain structures required for their growth and self-replication, without them these microorganisms lose their integrity.
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