A pyramid of energy represents how much energy, initially from the sun, is retained or stored in the form of new biomass at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Typically, about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, thus preventing a large number of trophic levels.
The main reason why a pyramid is used to represent the amount of energy at each level is that energy is lost as one goes up the energy hierarchy.
The energy hierarchy is such:
The energy transfer from one level to the other is not efficient because up to 90% of energy is lost per level. For instance, the herbivores only get about 10% of the energy that the plants have.
In conclusion, the energy hierarchy is a pyramid to show that as one goes up the hierarchy, the energy acquired drops.
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