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Describe the structures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell. Tell whether each structure is common to all prokaryotes

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metchelle
The structures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell are the capsule, the cell wall and the cell membrane. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms and they lack some organelles or other structures like the nucleus. The cell wall in this kind of cell is responsible for the shape of the organism and also serves as their protection. The plasma or cell membrane is responsible for separating the internal and external parts of the cells. Both of these structures are common in prokaryotes. Not all prokaryotes, though, have capsules. 
luisvaschetto

The structures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell include the cell membrane, the cell wall and the capsule.

All cells (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells) have a selectively permeable cell (plasma) membrane that separates the cell from its surrounding environment.

Moreover, all prokaryotic cells have a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycans (i.e., amino acids and sugars), which surround the cell membrane.

Finally, many but not all of the prokaryotic cells also secrete an extracellular substance in the form of a capsule or slime layer.

This capsule is composed of a polysaccharide localized outside the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and the peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria.

In conclusion, the structures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell include the cell membrane, the cell wall and the capsule.

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