A buffer system has been the salt solution that has been able to avoid the change in the pH with the addition of acid or base to the solution.
The acid has been comprised of the hydrogen ion, and react with the base with the formation of salt, thereby limit the change in pH.
The addition of acid to the buffer solution has been given as:
[tex]\rm HCl+NH_3\;\leftrightharpoons\;NH_4Cl[/tex]
The base addition to the buffer reacts with the acid part of the buffer and forms salts to resist the change in pH.
The addition of the base, KOH to the buffer solution has been given as:
[tex]\rm KOH+NH_4^+\;\leftrightharpoons\;K^+\;+\;NH_3\;+\;H_2O[/tex]
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