Answer:
Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called cell-surface markers (option C).
Explanation:
Cell surface markers are integral membrane proteins, whose function is to identify specific cell lines, allowing intercellular recognition and communication.
The specific type of cell marker provides the basis for cell classification, allowing studies to be performed on immune system cells, stem cells or atypical cells such as those found in cancer.
The other options are not correct because:
A. Enzymes are proteins that participate in metabolic reactions.
B. Transport proteins, although they are also part of membrane proteins, perominate the passage of specific substances through the membrane.
D. Receptor proteins allow the identification of specific molecules, such as hormones, to couple with them and promote actions inside the cell.
Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called CELL-SURFACE markers (Option C).
Cell surface markers are specific proteins localized on the cell surface or glycoproteins, which can be used as molecular markers that evidence specific cell types/lineages.
For example, cell surface markers can be used for the identification of the lineage and/or phase of differentiation in lymphocytes such as T cells and B cells.
In lymphocytes, the cell surface markers can be divided into three classes: surface immunoglobulins, differentiation antigens, and membrane receptors.
In conclusion, proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called CELL-SURFACE markers (Option C).
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