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Answer:
At The start of the 16th century, many events led to the Protestant reformation. Clergy abuse caused people to begin criticizing the Catholic Church. The greed and scandalous lives of the clergy had created a split between them and the peasants. Furthermore, the clergy did not respond to the population's needs, often because they did not speak the local language, or live in their own diocese. The papacy lost prestige.
However, the split was more over doctrine than corruption. The main points of criticism were:
The Bible was only printed in Latin, and not in the local language. And printing was controlled by the church by a system of censorship. Catholic Mass, the Church's chief religious service, was also in Latin. This meant the people could not check whether what the priest said was actually correct.
The church sold tickets of indulgences (forgiveness) from sins for money. This suggested that the rich could buy their way into Heaven while the poor could not - quite the opposite of what the Bible says. (See Gospel of Matthew 19:24)
Religious posts were often sold to whoever was willing to pay the most money for them, see Simony. This meant many priests did not know enough about Christianity. So they told the people many different things. Some of the things had little to do with what was written in the Bible.
In 1515, the Pope started a new indulgence campaign to raise money for the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, a church in Rome. Preachers came to Germany to sell the indulgences, promising that money could release souls from purgatory. Martin Luther, a German Catholic monk thought this went too far. On October 31, 1517, he sent his 95 theses to the local archbishop in protest. It is said he nailed a copy to the door of a church in Wittenberg. These theses, written in Latin, were points that Luther wanted to debate. Most of them related to the problems caused by the sale of indulgences. Luther said that the idea the money could buy forgiveness prevented people from turning away from sins. He said that it also made people give less money to the poor. Luther did not attack the Pope. He blamed the abuses on others. Nevertheless, his ideas implied that the pope was corrupt also. Without Luther's permission, the 95 Theses were translated into German and sent to many places. Many people agreed with Luther. The Catholic Church tried to stop these new ideas, but without much result. Luther was considered an enemy of the Pope, and when he refused to change his ideas he was excommunicated (put out of the church). In the beginning, Luther had not planned to separate from the Catholic Church or to create a new religion; he wanted to reform the Catholic Church.
Explanation:
The Protestant Revolution was open dissatisfaction with the abuse of the Catholic Church, with the role of the priesthood and with the ecclesiastical hierarchy.
Explanation:
The Reformation can be regarded as an event in the history of Europe.
- It brought about revolutionary changes in the social and political climate of the 16th and 17th centuries.
- Before the Reformation, the Catholic Church was a focal point of life and touched every aspect of people's life.
- The most significant aspect of the Church in Western Europe was the degeneration of clerical behaviour and morals.
- The papacy suffered from ecclesiastical corruption, simony and nepotism.
- The indulge is acquire money from the people by selling "indulgences" to obtain salvation resulted in the decline in the faith in people.
- In 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Thesis on the church door in Wittenberg and directed challenged the sale of indulgences as means of seeking god's forgiveness.
- According to Luther, a person can be saved or his sins by God's grace alone. Bible is the only authority of Protestantism.
- Some of the effects of the Protestant Reformation led to rebellion, individualism, the establishment of the Church of England, Calvinism and the Counter-Reformation.
- The Protestant Reformation increased the literacy rate throughout Europe and ignited a renewed passion for education.
- Luther's dispute with the Papal Church inspired the German peasants to open rebellion in 1525.
- Luther translated the Bible into the German language so that all the people may have direct access to it. The printing press played a crucial role in this.
- John Calvin also became a leader during the reformation period, where his ideas and theologies were known as Calvinism.
Therefore we can conclude that the Protestant Reformation was far more than a movement directed against the abuse in the Roman Catholic Church.
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