a. increases.
Ionization energy:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
→ Trend for Ionization energy:
- First ionization energy generally increases as you move left to right across a period. This is due to increasing nuclear charge, which results in the outermost electron being more strongly bound to the nucleus.
- First ionization energy generally decreases as you move down a group. This is because the outermost electron is, on average, farther from the nucleus, meaning it is held less tightly and requires less energy to remove.
Thus, for each successive electron removed from an atom, the ionization energy increases.
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