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Match the vocabulary term to the correct definition. 1. the complete set of hereditary instructions contained in the DNA chromosome 2. important biological molecules with a complex folded structure genome 3. structure found in the cell that contains tightly wound strands of DNA proteins 4. a sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA that code for a specific product, which is usually protein gene

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Answer:

  1. The complete DNA instruction book, or genome, for a human contains about 3 billion bases and about 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes
  2. Because carbon atoms can form stable bonds with four other atoms, they are uniquely suited for the construction of complex molecules. These complex molecules are typically made up of chains and rings that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, as well as carbon atoms.
  3. In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
  4. The gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. It consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides at a given position on a given chromosome that codes for a specific protein (or, in some cases, an RNA molecule).

Explanation:

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the complete set of hereditary instructions contained in the DNA - gene

important biological molecules with a complex folded structure - proteins

structure found in the cell that contains tightly wound strands of DNA - chromosome

a sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA that code for a specific product, which is usually protein - genome

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