Suppose it is known that 23% of students at a certain college participate in a textbook recycling program each semester. Complete parts (a) and (b) below. a. If a random sample of 40 students is selected, do we expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program? Why or why not? Choose the correct answer below. A. We expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program, because that is the percentage of students that participate in the program regardless of sample or population size B. We expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program, because a sample always has the same statistics as the population C. We do not expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program. 23% is a population statistic and you cannot know anything about a sample from the population D. We do not expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program. We do expect that the sample proportion will be close to the population proportion, but it will vary by the sample error from sample to sample b. Suppose we take a sample of 400 students and find the sample proportion participating in the recycling program. Which sample proportion do you think is more likely to be doser to 23% the proportion from a sample size of 40 or the proportion from a sample size of 400? Explain your reasoning. Choose the correct answer below A. The sample with size 40 will be closer to 23% because a smaller sample size has a smaller standard error B. The sample with size 400 will be closer to 23% because a larger sample size has a smaller standard error. C. The sample with size 400 will be closer to 23% because a larger sample size has more variation, D. The sample with size 40 wil be closer to 23% because a smaller sample size has loss variation

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Answer:

D. We do not expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program. We do expect that the sample proportion will be close to the population proportion, but it will vary by the sample error from sample to sample

B. The sample with size 400 will be closer to 23% because a larger sample size has a smaller standard error.

Step-by-step explanation:

The mean of sample can be estimated from the population. However, what we only get is the estimated mean of the sample which isn't the exact figure as that of the population. This slight variation in the mean value of the sample is due to sampling error.

According to the Central limit theorem, increasing the sample size yield a sample mean which continously converges to that of the population mean as the sampling error for such distribution drops lower and lower.

The true statements are:

  • D. We do not expect that exactly 23% of the sample participates in the textbook recycling program. We do expect that the sample proportion will be close to the population proportion, but it will vary by the sample error from sample to sample  
  • B. The sample with size 400 will be closer to 23% because a larger sample size has a smaller standard error.

The given parameters are:

[tex]\mathbf{P(Recycling) = 23\%}[/tex]

This means that there is a 23% chance that a student in a college participates in textbook recycling

However, it does not mean that the probability is exactly 23% in a sample of 40 students.

This is so because, there may be error in the sampling of the population.

Hence, the true statement is (d)

According to central limit theorem, as the sample size increases, the sample error reduces.

This mean that the probability will be closer to 23% when the sample size increases to 400

Hence, the true statement is (b)

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