Which of the following was a social or economic circumstance within the European
colonies that contributed to anticolonial movements?

A) Rapid industrialization within some colonies, which led to a growing middle class that
took a leadership role in the independence movement
B) The growing number of Western-educated colonial elites who no longer viewed colonial
rule as a vehicle for their people’s progress
C)The refusal of colonial rulers everywhere to start planning for decolonization through
gradual political reforms
D)The spread of a militant anticolonial version of Christianity