Answer:
In a nutshell, Matthew Arnold described the impact of the events of the 18th century very melancholic. It was a period when there was loss of happiness.
Explanation
This loss of happiness was attributed to the lifestyle that now overtook London as a result of the rapid industrialisation that it was undergoing.
If deductions are to be made, it meant that it was in this era that the 9am-5pm factory jobs were invented.
It meant that people now lived in the factory rather than in the country side.
A people that were largely known for an agrarian lifestyle were now almost factory "tools".
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