The correct option is D. The space probes Pioneer 10 and 11 took pictures of and gathered data from Jupiter. Pioneer 10 made history when it became the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt, a feat that was followed by a course towards Jupiter. On December 3, 1973, Pioneer 10 accelerated to a speed of 82,000 mph before passing by Jupiter.
The goal of Pioneer 10 was to investigate Jupiter's atmosphere, magnetosphere, and satellites, particularly Io, as well as the characteristics of the solar wind and the dispersion of dust. Similar gold plaques were installed on both Pioneer spacecraft as messages for extraterrestrial life.
NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft sent photographs of Jupiter that were getting larger and larger on December 4, 1973. The spacecraft was hidden behind Jupiter after the closest approach, which was the most dramatic moment. The Jovian bow shock was breached by Pioneer 11 on November 25, 1974, at 03:39 UT. At 05:22 UT on December 3, 1974, the spacecraft made its closest approach to Jupiter, coming within roughly 26,400 miles 42,500 kilometers of the planet's cloud tops, which is three times closer than Pioneer 10.
Learn more about Pioneer 10 and 11 here:
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