The thermal energy transfer will occur by convection from the aluminium to the beaker.
Thermal energy can be defined as the energy held in a system that is accountable for the overall temperature of the system.
Conduction is the process by which heat energy is transferred from one material or substance to another.
Convection is the transfer of heat in the fluid medium. e.g when a fluid is heated, heat energy is transferred into the fluid which causes a rise in the temperature of the fluid.
Since water is a fluid medium, the thermal energy transfer will occur by convection from the aluminium to the beaker.
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