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A Monosaccharide is just the simplest form of sugar. It's general term applied to a sugar that cannot be broken down into anything 'simpler'. A great example of this is glucose. Glucose cannot be hydrolized to form anything else, but there are more complex forms of glucose like glycogen. Glycogen is basically a bunch of glucose molecules bonded together and used as "stored glucose", but glycogen can be hydrolized to form individual glucose molecules (monosaccharides).

Monosaccharides, also called simple sugars, are the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates. The general formula is C ₙH ₂ₙO ₙ, or [Cnn] or { CH2O}n albeit not all molecules fitting this formula are carbohydrates. They are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids.