Of the statements listed, questions 2 and 4 are in fact testable scientific questions.
In order for a question to be scientifically testable, it should follow some criteria:
- The question should be possible to test
- The question should provide clear expectations
- The question should not be vague
Firstly the test for the given question should be possible. For example, an impossible question to test would be "what would happen if we throw the sun into a small black hole? ". All of the questions stated pass these criteria to a certain degree.
Furthermore, the question should provide clear expectations and avoid being vague. For this reason, we discard questions one and three. Both questions use words like "do better" and "improve", which are vague and do not set clear expectations, for example, if a person who never went to class looks at their notes and goes to class, but does not get better grades, did he do better?
The scientifically testable questions are 2 and 4 because they provide clear expectations, avoid vagueness, and are possible to test through a well-designed experiment.
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