The message being conveyed is that A. Literacy tests conflicted with America's ideals of liberty because they were designed to keep immigrants out of the country.
In the late 1800s, there were calls amongst some Americans to limit immigration because:
- unemployment was rising
- crops were failing
- there was land shortage
These people managed to get the government to implement literacy tests and immigrants who failed it would not be allowed in.
The cartoonist in this cartoon is criticizing it by putting the literacy tests as a wall which gives it a negative connotation because walls are generally used to denote progress being stopped.
We can therefore conclude that the illustrator here believes that literacy tests are negative and most probably conflict with American ideals such as liberty.
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