How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science?

A. A suspect's mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.

B. A suspect's mtDNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.

C. A suspect's nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene.

D. A suspect's nuclear DNA sample is matched to an unknown sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.

Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or id, is the DNA contained whin each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic to Mendelian inheritance, with information coming from two parents, one male and one female—rather than matrilineally (through the mother) as in mitochondrial DNA.

Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its structure is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other, a structure first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson (1953) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin. Each strand is a long polymer chain of repeating nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic base. Nucleotides are distinguished by their bases: purines, large bases that include adenine and guanine; and pyrimidines, small bases that include thymine and cytosine. Chargaff's rules state that adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine with cytosine. The phosphate groups are held together by a phosphodiester bond and the bases are held together by hydrogen bonds.

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