Answer:
The correct answer is D. Classical conditioning.
Explanation:
Classical conditioning means learning by association, via conditioned and unconditioned stimulus which generate a conditioned behavior.
Sarah has acquired the behavior of hating air travel and anything related to it by associating flying with physical illness.
In this case Sarah has generalized her fear not only to actually flying but to seeing or reading anything about flying and airplanes, not necessarily coming in contact with the conditioned stimulus.
This scenario illustrates the learning process of classical conditioning
Sarah has developed fear not only towards flying but to other things associated with flying because of the previously neutral stimulus.
Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a conditioned stimulus is linked with unrelated conditioned stimulus towards producing a behavior response called conditioned response. Condition response refers to a response that is leaned from a previously neutral stimulus.
Classical conditioning entails creating an association within two stimuli from a previous leaned response.
However, there three major phases in the process of classical conditioning and these include
Stage 1: before conditioning
This part requires a naturally occurring stimulus that will provoke a response automatically. A perfect example is when you perceive the odor of food and you start salivating. During this phase, the unconditional stimulus will lead to an unconditional response.
Stage 2: During conditioning
During this phase, the previously neutral stimulus will be paired with an unconditional stimulus which will then form an association between a previously neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus.
Stage 3: After conditioning
During this phase, the association between the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus will present the conditioned stimulus alone that will provoke a response without the unconditioned stimulus.
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