Pure glucose induces hyperglycaemia, which induces a increase in insulin.
What is insulin?
Insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells and its primary action is to lower blood glucose by inducing GLUT-4 expression on muscle cells, so muscle cells will take up glucose in bloodstream and utilise it during respiration.
Hyperinsulinaemia do not sensitizes glucose transporters expressed on cell surfaces (GLUT1 in brain, intestines, GLUT-4 on muscle cell etc) which eventually down regulates insulin’s action.
Prolonged hyperglycemia lowers plasma osmolarity, leading to damage of cells as most intracellular fluid is being drawn out.
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